厦门外国语2021-2022学年高三上学期期中考

英语

第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每句所给的ABCD四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

If you suddenly find yourself working from home or another remote location, you're going to miss those interactions with other people. Video conferencing can help by allowing you to talk face-to-face, even if it is via a screen. Jitsi is one of those free video conferencing apps you can use to connect.

Jitsi is a set of open-source projects that allows you to easily build and deploy secure videoconferencing solutions. At the heart of Jitsi are Jitsi Videobridge and Jitsi Meet, which let you have conferences on the internet, while other projects in the community enable other features such as audio, dial-in, recording, and simulcasting.

Jitsi started life as a way to talk to people over the internet using audio and video. Over the course of a decade, though, it's become so much more. Today, Jisi is:

A vibrant developer community.

First and foremost, Jitsi is a community of developers that are pushing the envelope of video conferencing quality on the web.

The foundation of some really amazing products.

The community members have developed countless projects and products that started with Jitsi code.

A crazy good, completely free video conferencing solution that anyone can use.

Jitsi is a favorite videoconferencing solution for anyone with privacy concerns, journalists, for example. There's a reason so many people use Jitsi Meet as a Skype alternative for video conferencing.

Unlike other videoconferencing technologies, Jitsi Videobridge, the heart of Jitsi, passes everyone’s video and audio to all participants, rather than mixing them first. Currently, Jitsi supports a maximum of up to 75 participants per call, although performance may suffer with more than 35. The project is working on “going beyond 100” participants at once. The service supports phone in audio participants in both the hosted and self-hosted versions. The service supports screen sharing and has mobile apps for iPhone and Android.

Now Jitsi has surpassed 10 million monthly average users. There are no extra payments to Jitsi, and the project remains free thanks to 8x8 （a company）, which uses the technology in its own products.

1. The central services of Jitsi lie in ________.

A. a set of open-source projects B. world's best video conferences

C. free features like audio and dial-in D. Jitsi Videobridge and Jitsi Meet

2. From the passage, we know ________.

A. Jitsi helps with the privacy problem in videoconferencing

B. Jitsi mixes everyone's video and audio to all participants

C. Jitsi supports screen sharing in the hosted version

D. Jitsi works on 100 participants at most right now

3. Jitsi is a completely free app because ________.

A. it has surpassed 10 million monthly average users

B. 8x8 uses the technology in its own products

C. only paid apps can ensure users' privacy

D. users have limited access to Jitsi

【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一款免费的视频会议应用程序Jitsi。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“At the heart of Jitsi are Jitsi Videobridge and Jitsi Meet, which let you have conferences on the internet, while other projects in the community enable other features such as audio, dial-in, recording, and simulcasting.”（Jitsi的核心是Jitsi videbridge和Jitsi Meet，它们可以让您在互联网上召开会议，而社区中的其他项目可以实现其他功能，如音频、拨号、录音和同步广播。）可知，Jitsi的中心服务位于Jitsi Videobridge和Jitsi Meet。故选D。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据“A crazy good, completely free video conferencing solution that anyone can use.”部分第一句“Jitsi is a favorite videoconferencing solution for anyone with privacy concerns, journalists, for example.”（对任何有隐私担忧的人来说，例如记者，Jitsi是一个最受欢迎的视频会议解决方案。）可知，Jitsi有助于解决视频会议中的隐私问题。故选A。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“There are no extra payments to Jitsi, and the project remains free thanks to 8x8 （a company）, which uses the technology in its own products.”（Jitsi没有额外的付款，由于8x8（一家公司）在自己的产品中使用了这项技术，该项目仍然免费。）可知，Jitsi是一个完全免费的应用程序，因为8x8在自己的产品中使用了这项技术。故选B。
 

B

We have learned to expect that trains will be punctual. After years of conditioning （习惯）, most of us have developed an unshakable faith in railway timetables. Ships may be delayed by storms； flights may be cancelled because of bad weather； but trains must be on time. Only an exceptionally heavy snowfall might temporarily dislocate railway services. It is all too easy to blame the railway authorities when something does go wrong. The truth is that when mistakes occur, they are more likely to be oursthan theirs.

After consulting my railway timetableI noted with satisfaction that there was an express train to Westhaven. It went direct from my local station and the journey lasted a mere hour and seventeen minutes. When I boarded the train, I could not help noticing that a great many local people got on as well. At the time, this didn’t strike me as odd. I reflected that there must be a great many people besides myself who wished to take advantage of this excellent service. Neither was I surprised when the train stopped at Widley, a tiny station a few miles along the line. Even a mighty express train can be held up by signals. But when the train dawdled （慢吞吞地动） at station after station, I began to wonder. It suddenly dawned on me that this express was not roaring down the line at ninety miles an hour, but barely chugging （咔嚓咔嚓地响） along at thirty. One hour and seventeen minutes passed and we had not even covered half the distance. I asked a passenger if this was the Westhaven Express, but he had not even heard of it. I determined to lodge a complaint as soon as we arrived. Two hours later, I was talking angrily to the station master at Westhaven. When he denied the train’s existence, I borrowed his copy of the timetable. There was a note of triumph （胜利） in my voice when I told him that it was there in black and white. Glancing at it briefly, he told me to look again. A tiny asterisk （星号） conducted me to a footnote at the bottom of the page. It said: “This service has been suspended.”

4. What is most people’s faith in trains?

A. They rarely fail us in their punctuality .

B. They trick passengers for various reasons.

C. They are just as reliable as ships and flights.

D. They never come up to our expectations.

5. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 suggest?

A. I wasn’t interested. B. I wasn’t surprised.

C. I was quite annoyed. D. I was deeply impressed.

6. Which of the following words best describes the author’s experience?

A. Pleasant. B. Rewarding.

C. Thrilling. D. Disappointing.

7. Who or what was to blame for the author’s taking the “wrong” train?

A. The railway authorities. B. The author himself.

C. The railway timetable. D. The station master.

【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D 7. B

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。叙述了大家对火车准时有不可动摇的新年，讲述了因为自己的快车晚点之后对服务提出投诉后，发现是自己没有看好火车时间表的故事。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段第二三句“ After years of conditioning （习惯）, most of us have developed an unshakable faith in railway timetables. Ships may be delayed by storms； flights may be cancelled because of bad weather； but trains must be on time. （经过多年的习惯，我们大多数人对铁路时刻表产生了不可动摇的信念。船只可能因风暴而延误；航班可能因天气恶劣而取消；但是火车必须准时）”可知，大多数人对火车的信仰是他们很少在守时方面让我们失望。故选A。

【5题详解】

词句猜测题。根据划线句前一句“When I boarded the train, I could not help noticing that a great many local people got on as well.（当我登上火车时，我禁不住注意到许多当地人也上了车）”和后一句“I reflected that there must be a great many people besides myself who wished to take advantage of this excellent service.（我想，除了我自己之外，一定还有很多人希望利用这项出色的服务）”可推知，划线句子说明了我一点也不惊讶。故选B。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段第五行句子“I determined to lodge a complaint as soon as we arrived. Two hours later, I was talking angrily to the station master at Westhaven.（我决定一到就提出投诉。两小时后，我正愤怒地与威斯特海文的站长谈话）”可知，这次经历是令作者生气失望的。由此推知，最能描述作者的经历的是：失望。故选D。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段最后三句“Glancing at it briefly, he told me to look again. A tiny asterisk （星号） conducted me to a footnote at the bottom of the page. It said: “This service has been suspended.”（他瞥了一眼，让我再看一眼。一个小小的星号把我带到页面底部的一个脚注。上面写着：“这项服务已经暂停。”）”可知，作者没有看清楚服务说明火车时间表，就默认为这次列车是特快列车。由此推知，作者乘错了火车，该怪作者自己。故选B。

【点睛】阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料。

其次，细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
 

C

While many people aren't getting enough calcium, new research cautions that some people may have the opposite problem: They could be getting too much. Americans spend more than $1 billion a year on calcium supplements in hopes of delaying osteoporosis the brittle bone disease that cripples many elderly women and some men. Yet recent studies link calcium supplements to a higher risk of heart attacks. Last month, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force issued a draft recommendation against taking calcium and vitamin D, saying there wasn't enough evidence of benefit to justify the risk.

For generations of Americans who grew up encouraged to drink milk to maintain strong bones, the reports raised troubling questions: Is calcium not so important after all?! Are the supplements unsafe? And how much is too much? “It's gotten very confusing but it doesn't need to be,” says Ethel Siris, director of the Toni Stabile Osteoporosis Center in New York. How much calcium people need varies by age and gender.“Adults generally need 1,000 mg daily, rising to 1,200 mg for women over 50 and men over 70, according to guidelines issued in 2010. Children need 1,300 mg daily during the peak growing years of 9 to 18.”

People also need sufficient levels of vitamin D to absorb the calcium. The IOM recommends 600 interactional units a day for most adults, and 800 daily after age 70, although many physicians recommend more. It is difficult to take in that much vitamin D from food sources, so experts say many people should take vitamin D in supplement form.

Getting adequate calcium from food is easier. For example, 8 ounces of milk or 6 ounces of yogurt has 300 mg of calcium, and one cup of spinach has 270 mg.

But studies linking calcium supplements to heart attack have made experts more cautious of excess calcium than before. A study of 24,000 Germans published in the journal Heart last month, found that those who got their calcium exclusively from supplements were more than twice as likely to have a heart attack as those who took no supplements.

Exactly how calcium supplements might contribute to heart attacks bafflescardiologists. “Nobody has associated the calcium in your bloodstream with calcification in your arteries," says Nieca Goldberg, medical director of the Joan H. Tisch Center. Still, she says she now urges patients get their recommended calcium from food than from supplements to avoid possible problems.

Osteoporosis experts also urge patients not to take more than the recommended amount of calcium. “People should definitely stop taking two big calcium supplements a day,” says Dr. Dawson-Hughes. Even if the risks remain unclear, taking more than the body can absorb doesn't benefit bones, “so it's not worth any risk.” She adds.

8. According to the new studies, taking much calcium might ________.

A. delay aging B. build muscles

C. cause heart problems D. cure bone diseases

9. What is Ethel Siris' opinion on taking calcium?

A. Taking calcium supplements is unsafe.

B. Adults need more calcium than children.

C. Age and gender determine how much calcium is needed.

D. It is safer to take calcium from food than from supplements.

10. What does the underlined word "baffle" in Paragraph 6 mean?

A. Interest B. Amaze

C. Frighten D. Puzzle

11. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Taking two calcium supplements a day is good for health.

B. It might be wiser to take recommended calcium from food.

C. It is easy for people to obtain enough Vitamin D from food.

D. The benefits of taking calcium supplements outweigh its risks.

【答案】8. C 9. C 10. D 11. B

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，钙补充剂与心脏病发作的高风险有关。专家们建议人们从食物中摄取推荐的钙，而不是从补充剂中，以避免可能出现的问题。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Yet recent studies link calcium supplements to a higher risk of heart attacks.”（然而，最近的研究表明，钙补充剂与心脏病发作的高风险有关。）可知，根据新的研究，摄入过多的钙可能会导致心脏问题。故选C。

【9题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段第五句“How much calcium people need varies by age and gender.”（人的钙需求量因年龄和性别而异。）可知，Ethel Siris认为年龄和性别决定了钙的需求量。故选C。

【10题详解】

词义猜测题。根据第六段第二句“Nobody has associated the calcium in your bloodstream with calcification in your arteries”（没有人将血液中钙与动脉钙化联系起来）和最后一句“Still, she says she now urges patients get their recommended calcium from food than from supplements to avoid possible problems.”（尽管如此，她说她现在还是敦促患者从食物中摄取推荐的钙，而不是从补充剂中，以避免可能出现的问题。）可知，Nieca Goldberg并不确定钙补充剂是否会导致心脏病发作，也就是说心脏病学家并不知道钙补充剂如何导致心脏病发作，所以baffles意为“使困惑”。故选D。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句“Still, she says she now urges patients get their recommended calcium from food than from supplements to avoid possible problems.”（尽管如此，她说她现在还是敦促患者从食物中摄取推荐的钙，而不是从补充剂中，以避免可能出现的问题。）可知，从食物中摄取推荐的钙可能更明智。故选B。
 

D

The world’s clocks mark every passing second, minute and hour. But to humans, seconds of pain can feel like minutes, and hours spent at a party can end in a blink.

The brain can stretch or squeeze the feeling of time for many reasons, including pleasure, pain, fear and age. Although the science behind this “subjective time” is not fully understood, some research suggests that an additional factor might influence the subjective length of your life: your income.

Research already suggests that, on average, wealthy people live longer, biologically. Now, emerging work indicates that varied and novel experiences could create more “time codes （编码）” in the human brain as it processes memory formation. This, in turn, could mean that people who can afford to enjoy more vacations and hobbies, and who have more stimulating jobs, will recall having lived for a longer time on Earth.

“Even though time flies when you’re having fun, when you look back on it, you can remember much more of this extended experience compared to a boring experience,” says Jorgen Sugar, a postdoctoral student at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology's Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience. He’s part of a team of scientists investigating these mental time codes.

The idea that novelty can affect the experience of time also seems to fit cultures that don't measure time using clocks — many cultures rely instead on celestial （天空的）, cultural and seasonal events to mark the flow of time. “Our experience of time does vary according to circumstances, and also according to the kind of rhythm of activity we engage in,” says Chris Sinha, a cognitive （认知） scientist working with Hunan University who has studied so called “event-based time” in Amazonian tribes and linguistic minority groups in China.

But other experts aren’t convinced. According to Monica Capri, an economist with a background in neuro-economies at Claremont Graduate University, subjective time isn’t well understood scientifically. Even if higher-paid jobs can lead to more new experiences, wealthy people aren’t necessarily spending money that way. A millionaire, for instance, may spend money on a fancy watch, but this isn’t likely to change their feeling of time the way a vacation or even a low-cost hike would, she says.

What’s more, she says, there are many factors to consider in how the brain processes time. For instance, according to Adrian Bejan, a professor at Duke University, the novelty of fun experiences an simply war off.

Still, researchers from many fields are eager to uncover the mysteries of memory and subjective time. According to Sugar, understanding how humans form and recall memories can affect many aspects of society, such as law, education and healthcare — and perhaps can even aid our understanding of ourselves. “The human brain is the most complex biological system we know,” he says.

12. What do we know about “subjective time” from the passage?

A. It has nothing to do with one’s income.

B. Its pace is influenced by a person’s mood.

C. It is a thing that is completely understood.

D. It marks every passing second for a person.

13. How can income influence a person according to some researchers?

A. Wealthy people tend to engage more in remembering things.

B. Wealthy people may feel life is relatively longer psychologically.

C. Wealthy people tend to have a better memory than poor people.

D. Wealthy people usually need more time to process memory formation.

14. What is Monica Capra’s opinion?

A. She is not convinced that money can extend subjective time,

B. She doesn’t believe that wealthy people can buy good memories.

C. She thinks that the excitement of fun experiences can hardly wear off.

D. She doubts whether higher-paid jobs can lead to more new experiences.

15. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Researchers arc exploring the mysteries of memory.

B. Many factors can influence how you feel time.

C. Your subjective time may depend on your income.

D. The brain can change your feeling of time.

【答案】12. B 13. C 14. B 15. A

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对“主管时间和人类记忆”的探索与研究。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“The brain can stretch or squeeze the feeling of time for many reasons, including pleasure, pain, fear and age. Although the science behind this “subjective time” is not fully understood, some research suggests that an additional factor might influence the subjective length of your life: your income.（大脑会因为许多原因而延长或挤压时间的感觉，包括快乐、痛苦、恐惧和年龄。虽然这种“主观时间”背后的科学原理还没有被完全理解，但一些研究表明，还有一个额外的因素可能会影响你的主观寿命：你的收入）”可知，“主观时间”的节奏受人的情绪影响。故选B项。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段“Research already suggests that, on average, wealthy people live longer, biologically. Now, emerging work indicates that varied and novel experiences could create more “time codes （编码）” in the human brain as it processes memory formation. This, in turn, could mean that people who can afford to enjoy more vacations and hobbies, and who have more stimulating jobs, will recall having lived for a longer time on Earth. （研究已经表明，从生物学角度来看，富人平均寿命更长。现在，新的研究表明，在人脑处理记忆形成的过程中，各种各样的新奇经历可以创造出更多的“时间代码”。反过来，这可能意味着，那些有能力享受更多假期和爱好的人，以及拥有更多刺激工作的人，将回忆起在地球上生活的时间更长）”可知，根据一些研究人员的说法，富人往往比穷人有更好的回忆。故选C项。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“A millionaire for instance may spend money on a fancy watch, but this isn't likely to change their feeling of time the way a vacation or even a low-cost hike would.（例如，百万富翁可能会花钱买一块漂亮的手表，但这不太可能像度假甚至是一次低成本的徒步旅行那样改变他们对时间的感觉）”可知，Monica Capra不相信有钱人可以买到美好的回忆。故选B项。

【15题详解】

主旨大意题。通读全文以及文章最后一段“Still researchers from many, fields are eager to uncover the mysteries of memory and subjective time.（尽管如此，许多领域的研究人员仍渴望揭开记忆和主观时间的奥秘）”可知，这篇文章主要介绍的是研究人员正在探索记忆的奥秘。故选A项。
 

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Cat behavior can often be puzzling and confusing to humans. ___16___Veterinarian Dr Katrina Warren shares her expertise on some common and strange cat behaviors to help you understand why your cat behaves the way it does.

Scratching is a natural behavior for cats, It’s how they make their paws sharper. If cats do not have a suitable surface to scratch, they will choose your furniture or carpet. To protect your furniture, provide at least two scratching posts. These posts need to be stable so they don’t rock or tip over. ___17___Cats tend to scratch when they wake in the morning, so place one post close to where they sleep.

Cats love high places, which give them a sense of safety and allow them to watch everything going below. ___18___And make sure you have several cat items in front of windows so your cat can look outside. If your cat can watch from high up and see the world outside of his home, he is less likely to climb onto the kitchen cupboard and knock down the bowls.

___19___They have the surprising ability to tie themselves in knots without any difficulty. They curl up in unconventional beds, like vases, because they have special bones on the back that allow them to do this. And they take great pride in showing this to you continuously.

If cats eat grass, there are several reasons. They may be seeking the nutrients in the grass have an upset stomach, inducing vomiting （催吐）. It is not a problem if your cat enjoys eating ensure it hasn't been treated with pesticides. Alternatively, offer your cat a pot of clean cat grass to chew, especially indoor cats. ___20___If you have any concerns about your cat's behavior or frequency vomiting, please talk with your vet,

A. Sleeping positions of cats are unusual

B. They need nutrients in the grass more.

C. Having a rough surface is also required.

D. This is available from most plant gardens.

E. However, there's often an explanation for their actions.

F. Meanwhile, high places offer them larger space to jump.

G. Put up several shelves so your cat can leap from one to another.

【答案】16. E 17. C 18. G 19. A 20. D

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了猫的几种不寻常行为并做出原因解释，同时给出处理方式或满足猫的方法。

【16题详解】

设空处位于文章首段，上一句提到Cat behavior can often be puzzling and confusing to humans（猫的行为常常会让人类感到困惑），而下文却谈到这位博士要来to help you understand why your cat behaves the way it does（帮助你理解你的猫为什么会有这样的行为），据此可推断，猫的行为看似困惑，实则有章可循，能够被解释，这当中包含了一个承上启下的转折，E选项“However, there's often an explanation for their actions.”（然而，他们的行为通常是有原因的）符合语境，故选E。

【17题详解】

设空处位于第二段，本段的主题词是Scratching（抓挠），段中提到“To protect your furniture, provide at least two scratching posts.”（为了保护你的家具，提供至少两个划痕桩），而C选项Having a rough surface is also required.（表面粗糙也是必须的）是对被抓挠物材质的要求，在此处契合语境，衔接自然，故选C。

【18题详解】

本段的首句是Cats love high places（猫喜欢高处），这也是本段的主题，参照上面的段落，可推断下一句可能谈及具体应该怎么做，而G选项Put up several shelves so your cat can leap from one to another.（放几个架子，这样你的猫就可以从一个架子跳到另一个架子上）正是介绍了通过put up shelves（放架子）的方法满足猫喜欢高处的需要，符合语境，故选G。

【19题详解】

设空处位于段落首句，是对本段内容的概括。根据下一句“They have the surprising ability to tie themselves in knots without any difficulty. They curl up in unconventional beds, like vases”（它们有一种令人惊讶的能力，可以毫无困难地把自己打结。它们蜷缩在非常规的床里面，例如花瓶）可知，此处描述了一种奇怪的姿势，且结合beds（床）的提示，推断出本段可能与猫的睡觉姿势相关，A选项Sleeping positions of cats are unusual（猫睡觉的姿势很不寻常）符合本段语境，故选A。

【20题详解】

本段介绍的行为是eat grass（吃草），设空处上一句提到Alternatively, offer your cat a pot of clean cat grass to chew, especially indoor cats.（或者，给你的猫一壶干净的猫草来咀嚼，尤其是室内的猫），而D选项This is available from most plant gardens.（大多数植物花园都有）则介绍了猫草的获取途径，cat grass与plant gardens呼应，此处符合语境，故选D。
 

第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15 小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

I was taking a nap（小睡）when a loud noise woke me. Outside the window in a parking lot, a car had just backed up into a chain-link fence. The fence bent out in exactly the____21____of the car’s back end.

A short man wearing a shirt unbuttoned to ____22____his chest got out of the car, with a shaven head. I disliked him ____23____. After a few seconds of____24____the damage, the man tried to repair that. He first attempted to pull the ____25____fence back into place, but it wouldn’t move. I took a drink from the glass, ____26____cheering. Then he pulled against the fence’s support pole, which bent ____27____and was more likely to recover. But the pole suddenly broke. I laughed out loud this time. This was ____28____. He went back to his car. He must be going to leave all the____29____behind for someone else to tidy up.

That, I thought, would be the ____30____. But he reappeared a few minutes later with some tools and got to work using them. He fixed the fence, and even improved it using a support bar bought from a nearby grocery. Now it would be extra ____31____, stronger than before.

This man was actually a____32____for me, and I was the lazy one. My ____33____assumptions were all about myself. I wouldn’t fix that fence and would ____34____. Years later, I still look out of my window at that fence. It still looks new. And it makes me ____35____what else that man has made better, and how I can make myself more like him.

21. A. shape B. position C. case D. direction

22. A. cover B. protect C. exercise D. expose

23. A. on sight B. on demand C. by accident D. by contrast

24. A. witnessing B. handling C. assessing D. dismissing

25. A. fixed B. ruined C. stable D. noticeable

26. A. deliberately B. immediately C. silently D. wildly

27. A. slightly B. easily C. severely D. merely

28. A. impressive B. tough C. ridiculous D. strange

29. A. evidence B. chaos C. structure D. failure

30. A. end B. cost C. plan D. waste

31. A. beautiful B. secure C. useful D. complex

32. A. victim B. volunteer C. model D. master

33. A. shallow B. primary C. unusual D. uncaring

34. A. drop out B. leave off C. run away D. turn around

35. A. predict B. wonder C. doubt D. accept

【答案】21. A 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. B

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者从窗外看到一个“粗俗”的男人撞坏停车场铁丝网围栏，原以为他会弃之不理，他却将围栏修得比之前还好。作者为自己的肤浅揣测感到惭愧并想向那个人学习。

【21题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：栅栏弯曲出来的形状和汽车的后端完全一样。A. shape形状；B. position位置，职位；C. case情况，案例；D. direction方向。根据前文“...a car had just backed up into a chain-link fence.一辆汽车倒车时刚好撞到链条围栏上”，可知男人倒车时汽车将围栏撞出了和汽车尾部形状一样的痕迹。故选A。

【22题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个矮个子光头男人下了车，衬衫没扣纽扣，袒露着胸膛。A. cover遮盖，覆盖；B. protect保护；C. exercise练习；D. expose使暴露；使接触。根据空格前“wearing a shirt unbuttoned穿一件没扣纽扣的衬衫”，可知男人此时是露出胸膛的。故选D。

【23题详解】

考查短语辨析。句意：一看到他，我就不喜欢。A. on sight 一看到……就；B. on demand按要求，一经要求；C. by accident偶然地，意外地；D. by contrast相比之下，相比较。根据上文“A short man wearing a shirt unbuttoned to 2 his chest got out of the car, with a shaven head.一个矮个子光头男人下了车，衬衫没扣纽扣，袒露着胸膛”，可知作者一看到男人这样邋遢的形象就不会喜欢。故选A。

【24题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几秒钟的损坏评估后，这名男子试图修复它。A. witnessing目睹，见证；B. handling处理；C. assessing评估；D. dismissing解雇，解散。根据下文中的“tried尝试”和“attempted to pull 试图拉”，可知他用几秒钟评估了围栏的损坏程度。故选C。

【25题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先，他试图把被毁坏的栅栏拉回原位，但它一动不动。A. fixed固定的；B. ruined毁坏的；C. stable稳定的；C. noticeable引人瞩目的。根据第一段中“... a car had just backed up into a chain-link fence. 一辆汽车倒车时刚好撞到链条围栏上”，可知此时围栏已经被毁坏了。故选B。

【26题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意：我从杯子里喝了一口水，暗自窃喜着。A. deliberately故意地；B. immediately立即地；C. silently默默地；D. wildly野蛮地，粗暴地。根据下文“I laughed out loud this time. 这次我大声的笑了出来”可知，作者看到自己一眼看上去就不喜欢的男人受挫，便不禁幸灾乐祸，暗自窃喜。故选C。

【27题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后他拉住篱笆的支撑杆，它稍微弯曲，比较有可能被修复。A. slightly略微，稍微地；B. easily容易地；C. severely严重地，严厉地；D. merely仅仅，只不过。根据空格后“...was more likely to recover.更有可能恢复”，可知，支撑杆稍微有点弯曲。故选A。

【28题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这太可笑了。A.impressive令人赞叹的；给人深刻印象的；B. tough棘手的，艰难的；C. ridiculous荒谬的，可笑的；D. strange奇怪的，陌生的。根据前一句“I laughed out loud this time. 这次我大声的笑了出来”，可知作者认为这是可笑的。故选C。

【29题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他一定会把所有的混乱都留给别人来收拾一下。A. evidence证据；B. chaos混乱；C. structure结构，构造；D. failure失败。根据上文“But the pole suddenly broke.支撑杆断了 ”可知作者认为这个男人一定会放弃修复栏杆，把混乱的现场留给别人整理。故选B。

【30题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想，那就结束了。A. end 结束；B. cost成本，代价；C. plan计划；D. waste浪费，垃圾。根据后一句“But he reappeared a few minutes later with some tools and got to work using them. 但几分钟后，他带着一些工具再次出现了，并开始使用它们”可知，作者看到男人受挫两次之后以为他会放弃，没想到他会再次开始。故选A。

【31题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在它会比以前更稳固，比以前更结实。A. beautiful漂亮的；B. secure牢固的，稳固的，安全的；C. useful有用的；D. complex复杂的。根据前一句“He fixed the fence, and even improved it using a support bar bought from a nearby grocery.他修复了栅栏，甚至用从附近一家杂货店买来的支撑杆进行了改进 ”可知，经过修复后的围栏更加牢固结实。故选B。

【32题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个人实际上是我的榜样，我才十个懒惰的人。A. victim受害者；B. volunteer志愿者；C. model模范，典型；D. master主人。根据文章最后一句“...how I can make myself more like him我怎样才能让自己更像他”可知，作者想向这个男人学习，故把他当做自己的榜样。故选C。

【33题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我那肤浅的猜测其实都是我自己的样子。A. shallow浅显的，肤浅的；B. primary主要的；C. unusual不寻常的；D. uncaring冷漠的，无同情心的。根据前文“He must be going to leave all the　9 behind for someone else to tidy up.他一定会把所有的混乱都留给别人来收拾一下 ”以及前一句“This man was actually a　12 for me, and I was the lazy one. 这个人实际上是我的榜样，我才十个懒惰的人”可知，作者发现自己对这个男人的猜测都是肤浅的。故选A。

【34题详解】

考查短语辨析。句意：我不会修好栅栏，还会逃跑。A. drop out退出，辍学；B. leave off停止，戒除；C. run away逃跑；C. turn around转身。根据前一句“My13 assumptions were all about myself. 我那肤浅的猜测其实都是我自己的样子”可知，作者发现自己之所以对男人有那样的猜想，是因为自己本身才是这样会逃跑的人。故选C。

【35题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让我想知道，那个人还使其他什么变得更美好，以及我怎样才能变得更像他呢。A. predict预言，预测；B. wonder想知道；C. doubt怀疑；D. accept接纳，接受。根据前句“Years later, I still look out of my window at that fence. It still looks new.多年后，我仍然看着窗外的围栏。我看起来仍然是新的 ”可知，作者忍不住想那个人还做了其他什么好事。故选B。
 

非选择题部分（共55分）

第二节 单句语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

36. She requested that no one ________（tell） of her decision until the next meeting. （所给词的适当形式填空）

【答案】should be told## be told

【解析】

【详解】考查被动语态及虚拟。句意：她要求在下次会议之前不要把她的决定告诉任何人。分析句子结构可知，request后的宾语从句使用（should）+动词原形的虚拟结构，而结合句意可知，no one 和tell 之间为被动语态。故填should be told或be told。

37. Two factories were closed in an attempt ________（cut） costs. （所给词的适当形式填空）

【答案】to cut

【解析】

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了降低成本，两家工厂关闭了。短语in an attempt to do“试图做……”，故填to cut。

38. It remains to be seen ________we can put aside differences and focus on common interests. （用适当的词填空）

【答案】whether

【解析】

【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们能否抛开分歧，关注共同利益还有待观察。分析句子结构可知，本句使用了it充当形式主语，结合句意使用whether引导的主语从句作真正的主语，故填whether。

39. The ________（injure） man tried to speak but soon drifted into unconsciousness. （所给词的适当形式填空）

【答案】injured

【解析】

【详解】考查形容词。句意：受伤的人试图说话，但很快就失去了知觉。分析句子可知名词man缺少定语，因此空格处需要将括号内的动词“injure v.使受伤；伤害”变为形容词形式。故填injured。

40. China is a developing socialist country ________（belong） to the third world. （所给词的适当形式填空）

【答案】belonging

【解析】

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国是一个发展中的社会主义国家，属于第三世界。分析句子结构可知，句中已有一个谓语动词且没有连接词，此处使用非谓语动词，country与belong之间为主动关系，使用现在分词作后置定语，故填belonging。

41. The project was running late owing ________unforeseen circumstances. （用适当的词填空）

【答案】to

【解析】

【详解】考查介词。句意：由于不可预见的情况，该项目推迟了。固定短语owing to“由于”符合句意，故填to。

42. Do me ________favor, can you feed my cat this weekend? （用适当的词填空）

【答案】a

【解析】

【详解】考查固定短语。句意：帮我个忙，这个周末你能喂我的猫吗?do sb. a favor是固定短语，意为“帮某人一个忙”，因此空格处是冠词a，故填a。

43. It was recognized that these ________（solve）could only be temporary. （所给词的适当形式填空）

【答案】solutions

【解析】

【详解】考查名词。句意：人们认识到这些解决方法只能是暂时的。分析句子结构可知，these后要使用名词复数在从句中作主语，故填solutions。

44. The school is ________（legal） responsible for your child’s safety. （所给词的适当形式填空）

【答案】legally

【解析】

【详解】考查副词。句意：学校对你孩子的安全负有法律责任。修饰动词短语is responsible for，需用副词作状语。故填legally。

45. ________is even more important is that they do not make their teachers' duties light enough. （用适当的词填空）

【答案】What

【解析】

【详解】考查主语从句。句意：更重要的是，他们没有充分减轻教师的职责。分析句子结构可知，此处使用了主语从句，连接词在从句中充当主语，结合句意可知，使用连接词what符合句意，位于句首首字母注意大写，故填What。
 

第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（满分15分）

46. 假定你是学校英文报记者李华，近期你校正在举行创建美丽校园活动，请你以"Beautiful Campus，Better Life" 为题，写一篇新闻稿报道本次活动。

内容包括∶1. 活动目的；2.活动内容∶创建环保与文明校园；3. 师生评价

注意∶1. 词数80左右，标题不计入总词数；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Beautiful Campus, Better Life

                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                        

【答案】Beautiful Campus, Better Life

These days, our school launched a campaign named Beautiful Campus, Better Life, aiming to create a better campus.

The students were required not to litter around, waste food or smoke. Many posters which called on the students to behave well, mind their own manners and keep the environment clean were put up on the campus.

The students and teachers thought highly of the campaign. They thought it was helpful in building a more beautiful and attractive campus and an attractive campus can help make a positive and inspiring learning environment and as a result, improve the students’ academic performance.

【解析】

【分析】本篇书面表达属于新闻稿，要求考生以“Beautiful Campus，Better Life”为题，报道学校正在举行的创建美丽校园活动。

【详解】1. 词汇积累

发起：launch→initiate

要求：require→demand

有益的：helpful→beneficial

鼓舞人心的：inspiring→encouraging

2. 句式拓展

简单句变复合句

原句：These days, our school launched a campaign named Beautiful Campus, Better Life, aiming to create a better campus.

拓展句：These days, our school launched a campaign named Beautiful Campus, Better Life, whose aim was to create a better campus.

【点睛】[高分句型1] Many posters which called on the students to behave well, mind their own manners and keep the environment clean were put up on the campus.（运用了which引导的定语从句）

[高分句型2]

They thought it was helpful in building a more beautiful and attractive campus and an attractive campus can help make a positive and inspiring learning environment and as a result, improve the students’ academic performance.（运用了that引导的宾语从句，省略连接词that）
 

第二节（满分25分）

47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一个完整的短文。

With all her big brothers and sisters off to school, our farm became a lonely place for ourthree-year-old daughter, Becky. She longed for playmates. We promised to buy her a puppy but in the meantime, "pretend" puppies popped up nearly every day.

I had just finished washing the lunch dishes when the door slammed and Becky rushed in, cheeks flushed with excitement. "Mama!" she cried," Come see my new doggy! I gave him water two times already. He's so thirty!"

I sighed, another of Becky's dogs.

"Please come, Mama." She pulled my jeans, her brown eyes begging, "He's crying—and he can't walk!" "Can't walk?" An unexpected change! All her previous imaginary dogs could do amazing things such as balancing a ball on the end of its nose and dancing on a tightrope. Why suddenly a dog that couldn't walk? "All right, honey," I said. By the time I tried to follow her, Becky had already disappeared into the bushes.

"Where are you?" I called. 

"Over here by the oak stump（橡树桩）. Hurry, Mama!"

I parted the branches and raised my hand against the glare of the sun. A numbing chill （寒战）gripped me.

There she was, sitting on her heels, cradled （抱着）in her lap was the unmistakable head of a wolf!

"Becky," My mouth felt dry. "Don't move." I stepped closer. Pale-yellow eyes narrowed. Black lips tightened. Double sets of two-inch sharp teeth were exposed. Suddenly the wolf trembled. Its teeth clacked, and a painful cry rose from its throat.

"It's all rightboy,"Becky comforted lovingly."Don't be afraid. That's my mama, and she loves you, too."

注意∶1. 续写词数应为150左右；

2. 开头已经给出。

Paragraph 1：

Taking a closer look, I found the wolf stuck deep inside the stump.

                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                        

Paragraph 2:

With Becky safe in my arms, I ran to our doctor Brian for help.

                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                        

【答案】Paragraph 1：

Taking a closer look, I found the wolf stuck deep inside the stump. Concerned about Becky's safety, I gathered all the strength to step a bit closer, sensing the wolf seemed to be seriously injured. Becky was still cradling his head in her lap, her tiny hands stroking his head."Honey," My throat tightened ."Put his head down and come to Mama. Maybe he needs our doctor's help." Reluctantly, Becky stood up and kissed the wolf on the nose before she walked slowly into my outstretched arms.

Paragraph 2：

With Becky safe in my arms, I ran to our doctor Brian for help. Hardly had he carried the medicine box when we rushed back to the oak stump. The wolf's head sank to the ground, sad yellow eyes looking at us. Having pulled the massive body out of the stump, Brian cleaned the wounds and then gave him careful treatment. Becky kneeled down and tended to the wolf together with Brian. Appearing to be feeling better, the wolf slowly raised his head and gave a gentle kiss to Becky's hand as if to express thanks. What a warm scene!

【解析】

【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者三岁的女儿贝基在哥哥姐姐们都上学去了后会假想出一条狗来陪她玩儿，一天，作者女儿又玩起了这个游戏，结果作者发现Becky抱着的是一只狼。

【详解】1.段落续写：

①由第一段首句内容“仔细一看，我发现狼卡在树桩的深处。”可知，第一段可描写作者发现狼受伤和作者把女儿叫过来。

②由第二段首句内容“贝基安全的躺在我的怀里，我跑到布赖恩医生那里寻求帮助。”可知，第二段可描写布赖恩给狼治疗。

2.续写线索：走近狼——站起来——拉出狼——照料狼

3.词汇激活

行为类

①走近：step closer/draw near

②站起来：stand up/rise to one's feet

③拉：pull/drag

④照料：tend to/look after

情绪类

①不情愿地：reluctantly/unwillingly

②忧伤的：sad/dolorous

【点睛】[高分句型1]Concerned about Becky's safety, I gathered all the strength to step a bit closer, sensing the wolf seemed to be seriously injured.（现在分词作状语）

[高分句型2]Hardly had he carried the medicine box when we rushed back to the oak stump（部分倒装句）